Barrett's esophagus, also called Barrett's syndrome, the cells that line the inside of the esophagus are replaced by cells like those that line the inside of the stomach. This change in the type of cell may occur with long-term exposure of the esophagus to stomach juices, such as from chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
The new cells are more resistant to stomach acid. But inflammation, sores (ulcers), and bleeding can still occur in that part of the esophagus.
You can treat GERD to control your symptoms and feel better. Having Barrett's esophagus slightly raises the risk for esophageal cancer. If Barrett's esophagus is suspected, a doctor may want to test the lining of the esophagus now and then to check for cells that may develop into cancer. These tests may include endoscopy and doing a biopsy of any cells that do not look normal.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause Barrett's. Acid from your stomach backs up into the esophagus and causes the cells to change.
Your doctor can find Barrett's esophagus only through a test called endoscopy. It can't be found through symptoms, a physical exam, or blood tests.
During endoscopy, your doctor uses a tube called an endoscope. The tube is passed through your mouth, down your throat, and into your esophagus. Your doctor will look at the esophagus through the tube. The doctor may take a small piece of tissue (biopsy). This tissue is sent to a lab. The lab tests it for Barrett's esophagus.
If you have Barrett's esophagus, your doctor may suggest that you have endoscopy on a regular schedule. This lets your doctor check for cell changes and cancer. Your doctor will tell you how often you need this test.