Proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer

Proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer

Vitamin D is ubiquitous in almost all human cells and tissues. Research on vitamin D has been driven by its relationship with numerous diseases, including cancer. Pre-vitamin D3 is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol through exposure to ultraviolet rays from the Sun; subsequently, thermal isomerization leads to vitamin D3 formation. Besides, vitamin D can be obtained from diets and supplements. Regardless of the origin, enzymatic hydroxylation in the liver produces 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], followed by conversion to form calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D] in the kidneys. Calcitriol is critical in regulating phosphorous and calcium metabolism and has anti-cancer effects. BC is the most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. The pathogenesis of BC is poorly defined, and research on the underlying mechanisms is critical for formulating prevention strategies. Some risk factors for BC are non-modifiable, but others, like lifestyle and obesity, offer intervention opportunities. Vitamin D has a role in BC prevention and treatment by influencing cellular differentiation, inflammation, and hormone regulation.